IB policies regarding commodity account trading limits take into account the account holder's financial qualifications, along with other possible factors. Accordingly, certain account holders may find that their maximum trade size is capped at a number less than that which is preferred. The "Change Trading Limits" page displays your current limits, as well as the maximum allowed limit for your account. Regardless of the user's financial situation, IB will not allow users who have not accepted the Arbitration Agreement to have a trading limit of more than one contract.
Accumulate/Distribute is a sophisticated trading algorithm which allows one to buy or sell large orders by splitting the trade into multiple orders with the goal of reducing visibility and market impact.
IMPORTANT NOTE
This algo will only operate when the trader is logged into the TWS. If the trader has been logged out prior to the algo completing (either by user action or by the automated nightly restart), a message will appear upon the next log in which will allow for re-activation of the algo.
The ScaleTrader is a sophisticated trading algorithm which allows one to enter a large quantity order that is executed in a series of increments or components, with each component being executed at a progressively better price.
A special arrangement between CME Group and the Singapore Exchange (SGX), referred to as the Mutual Offset System (MOS), allows traders of both the Yen and USD denominated Nikkei 225 futures to take positions in the products at one exchange and offset them at the other one. The effect of this arrangement is to create one marketplace crossing different time zones as well as fungibility of contracts between the exchanges.
IB account holders may avail themselves of the MOS functionality by specifying at the point of trade entry both the proper underlying symbol and exchange. In the case of the Yen Denominated Nikkei 225 Index contract the IB underlying symbol is 'NIY' and the exchange either 'Globex' (for contracts listed at and trading during CME hours) or 'SGXCME' (for contracts listed at and trading during SGX hours). In the case of the USD Denominated Nikkei 225 Index contract the IB underlying symbol is 'NKD' and the exchange either 'Globex' (for contracts listed at the CME) or 'SGXCME' (for contracts listed at the SGX).
To illustrate the concept of fungibility, were an account holder to enter into a long futures position on the CME exchange and thereafter enter into a short futures position having the same underlying symbol and expiration date but listed on the SGXCME exchange, the effect would be the same as if that short position was executed on the CME exchange and that is to close the long position.
MOS also provides margin offset for positions entered into on either of the two exchanges in the manner noted above. Here, for example, a long futures position entered into from the CME exchange would be afforded spread margin treatment against a short position having the same underlying but a different expiration month which was entered into from the the SGXCME exchange. This effect is intended to be similar to that which would take place if both the long and short position were entered into from the same exchange.
IMPORTANT NOTE
IB also offers trading in the identical SGX-listed futures contracts but without the MOS features of fungibility and margin offset as outlined above. In the case of the Yen Denominated Nikkei 225 Index, the contract having the underlying symbol 'SGXNK' and exchange of SGX is the functional equivalent of the 'NIY' contract having the exchange of SGXCME. Similarly, in the case of the USD Denominated Nikkei 225 Index, the contract having the underlying symbol 'N225U' and exchange of SGX is the functional equivalent of the 'NKD' contract having the exchange of SGXCME. It should be noted, however, that a long (short) position of a given expiration entered into on SGX exchange will not close out a short (long) position entered into on the SGXCME, or the CME for that matter. In addition, there is no margin offset provided between SGX-listed and SGXCME or CME contracts.
A table of trading hours for the MOS eligible products is provided below:
| Symbol | Description | Exchange | Trading Hours (ET)* |
| NIY | Yen Denominated Nikkei 225 Index | Globex | Mon-Fri 06:00 - 16:15; 16:30 - 17:30 |
| NIY | Yen Denominated Nikkei 225 Index | SGXCME | Mon - Fri 18:30 - 01:30 |
| NKD | USD Denominated Nikkei 225 Index | Globex | Mon-Fri 03:00 - 16:15; 16:30 - 17:30 & 18:00 - 19:00 |
| NKD | USD Denominated Nikkei 225 Index | SGXCME | Mon - Fri 02:15 - 09:55 & 18:30 - 01:30 |
*Please refer to the respective websites of each exchange for adjustments which take place during periods when US Daylight Savings Time is in effect.
Per Indian regulations, trading access to the Indian financila markets for individuals residing outside India is currently restricted to "Non-Resident Indians" ("NRIs") only.
NRIs are defined in the Indian Foreign Exchange Management Act of 1999 and the Indian Foreign Exchange Management Deposit Regulations of 2000.
In short, to qualify for NRI status you must:
a. Reside outside of India for more than 182 days per year, and;
b. Hold Indian citizenship, or;
c. Be a Person of Indian Origin as defined in the Indian Foreign Exchange Management Deposit Regulations of 2000.
Please note that applicants must satisfy criteria (a) and criteria (b) or (c) and will be prompted to review the aforementioned legislation and confirm their atatus at the point of application. To trade Indian products as a NRI, new or existing customers may apply for an account through the IB website.
The particular currency which is necessary to purchase and settle any given product is determined by the listing exchange not IB. If, for example, you enter into a transaction to purchase a security which is denominated in a currency that you do not hold and assuming that you have sufficient margin excess, IB will create a loan for those funds. Note that this is necessary as IB is obligated to settle that trade with the clearinghouse solely in the designated currency of denomination. If you do not wish to have such a loan created and incur its associated interest costs, you would need to either first deposit funds into your account in the required currency form and amount or convert existing funds in your account using either our Ideal (for amounts under USD 25,000 or equivalent) or IdealPro (for amounts in excess of USD 25,000 or equivalent) venues, both available through the TWS. You should also note that once you close out a security position which is denominated in a non-Base Currency, the proceeds will remain in that non-Base Currency and subject to exchange rate risk until such time you either perform a currency conversion or use those proceeds for another similarly denominated product.
With the exception of certain currency futures contracts carried in an account eligible to hold foreign currency cash balances, IB does not allow customers to make or receive delivery of the commodity underlying a futures contract.
IB does not have the facilities necessary to accommodate physical delivery. For futures contracts that are settled by actual physical delivery of the underlying commodity (physical delivery futures), account holders may not make or receive delivery of the underlying commodity.
It is the responsibility of the account holder to make themselves aware of the close-out deadline of each product. If an account holder has not closed out a position in a physical delivery futures contract by the close-out deadline, IB may, without additional prior notification, liquidate the account holder’s position in the expiring contract. Please note that liquidations will not otherwise impact working orders; account holders must ensure that open orders to close positions are adjusted for the actual real-time position.
To avoid deliveries in expiring futures contracts, account holders must roll forward or close out positions prior to the Close-Out Deadline indicated on www.interactivebrokers.com. From the home page, choose the Trading menu, and then select Delivery, Exercise & Actions. From the Delivery, Exercise and Corporate Actions page, read the information governing Futures and Future Options Physical Delivery Liquidation Rules. Also listed are the few futures in which delivery can be taken, such as currency futures.
Please note that futures contracts, by default, do not roll over at expiration. The TWS trading platform, however, does provide a feature referred to as the 'Automatic Futures Rollover Message' which, when activated, automatically displays a message on login eight days prior to expiration which allows one to select contracts for which the market data lines can be updated with the new front-month contracts. Note that this will only serve to update the market data line and will not execute a trade unless the accountholder acts to transmit an order. Any orders transmitted for roll over purposes are subject to the standard commission and fee schedule.
The following steps are to be performed in order to activate this feature:
1. Click the Configure wrench icon in the trading window
2. In the left pane of Global Configuration, select General;
3. In the right pane, check Auto future rollover;
To view eligible futures rollovers within TWS, select Futures Rollover from the Ticker menu and then check all contracts that you want automatically updated to the new front month.
Also note that with the exception of certain currency futures contracts, IB does not allow for the actual physical delivery of underlying commodities. Contracts which settle by physical delivery must be rolled over or closed out prior to a close-out deadline or face forced liquidation by IB. Please refer to the website under the Trading and then Delivery, Exercise & Actions menu options for additional details as this deadline will vary by product.
The Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk (SPAN) is a methodology developed by the CME and used by many clearinghouses and exchanges around the world to calculate the Performance Bond (i.e., margin requirement) on futures and options on futures which the clearinghouse collects from the carrying FCM and the FCM, in turn, from the customer.
SPAN establishes margin by determining what the potential worst case loss a portfolio will sustain over a given time frame (typically set to one day), using a set of 16 hypothetical market scenarios which reflect changes to the underlying price of the future or option contract and, in the case of options, time decay and a change in implied volatility.
The first step in calculating the SPAN requirement is to organize all positions which share the same ultimate underlying into grouping referred to as a Combined Commodity group. Next, SPAN calculates and aggregates, by like scenario, the risk of each position within a Combined Commodity, with that scenario generating the maximum theoretical loss being the Scan Risk. The 16 scenarios are determined based upon that Combined Commodity’s Price Scan Range (the maximum underlying price movement likely to occur for the given timeframe) and Volatility Scan Range (the maximum implied volatility change likely to occur for options).
Assume a hypothetical portfolio having one long future and a one long put on stock index ABC having an underlying price of $1,000, a multiplier of 100 and a Price Scan Range of 6%. For this given portfolio, the Scan Risk would be $1,125 scenario 14.
|
# |
1 Long Future |
1 Long Put |
Sum |
Scenario Description |
|
1 |
$0 |
$20 |
$20 |
Price unchanged; Volatility up the Scan Range |
|
2 |
$0 |
($18) |
($18) |
Price unchanged; Volatility down the Scan Range |
|
3 |
$2,000 |
($1,290) |
$710 |
Price up 1/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility up the Scan Range |
|
4 |
$2,000 |
($1,155) |
$845 |
Price up 1/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility down the Scan Range |
|
5 |
($2,000) |
$1,600 |
($400) |
Price down 1/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility up the Scan Range |
|
6 |
($2,000) |
$1,375 |
($625) |
Price down 1/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility down the Scan Range |
|
7 |
$4,000 |
($2,100) |
$1,900 |
Price up 2/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility up the Scan Range |
|
8 |
$4,000 |
($2,330) |
$1,670 |
Price up 2/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility down the Scan Range |
|
9 |
($4,000) |
$3,350 |
($650) |
Price down 2/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility up the Scan Range |
|
10 |
($4,000) |
$3,100 |
($900) |
Price down 2/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility down the Scan Range |
|
11 |
$6,000 |
($3,100) |
$2,900 |
Price up 3/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility up the Scan Range |
|
12 |
$6,000 |
($3,375) |
$2,625 |
Price up 3/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility down the Scan Range |
|
13 |
($6,000) |
$5,150 |
($850) |
Price down 3/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility up the Scan Range |
|
14 |
($6,000) |
$4,875 |
($1,125) |
Price down 3/3 Price Scan Range; Volatility down the Scan Range |
|
15 |
$5,760 |
($3,680) |
$2,080 |
Price up extreme (3 times the Price Scan Range) * 32% |
|
16 |
($5,760) |
$5,400 |
($360) |
Price down extreme (3 times the Price Scan Range) * 32% |
.
The Scan Risk charge is then added to any Intra-Commodity Spread Charges (an amount that accounts for the basis risk of futures calendar spreads) and Spot Charges (A charge that covers the increased risk of positions in deliverable instruments near expiration) and is reduced by any offset from an Inter-Commodity Spread Credit (a margin credit for offsetting positions between correlated products). This sum is then compared to the Short Option Minimum Requirement (ensures that a minimum margin is collected for portfolios containing deep-out-of-the-money options) with the greater of the two being the risk of the Combined Commodity. .These calculations are performed for all Combined Commodities with the Total Margin Requirement for a portfolio equal to the sum of the risk of all Combined Commodities less any credit for risk offsets provided between the different Combined Commodities.
The software for computing SPAN margin requirements, known as PC-SPAN is made available by the CME via its website.
Futures options, as well as futures margins, are governed by the exchange through a calculation algorithm known as SPAN margining. For information on SPAN and how it works, please research the exchange web site for the CME Group, www.cmegroup.com. From their web site you can run a search for SPAN, which will take you to a wealth of information on the subject and how it works. The Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk system is a highly sophisticated methodology that calculates performance bond requirements by analyzing the “what-ifs” of virtually any market scenario.
In general, this is how SPAN works:
SPAN evaluates overall portfolio risk by calculating the worst possible loss that a portfolio of derivative and physical instruments might reasonably incur over a specified time period (typically one trading day.) This is done by computing the gains and losses that the portfolio would incur under different market conditions. At the core of the methodology is the SPAN risk array, a set of numeric values that indicate how a particular contract will gain or lose value under various conditions. Each condition is called a risk scenario. The numeric value for each risk scenario represents the gain or loss that that particular contract will experience for a particular combination of price (or underlying price) change, volatility change, and decrease in time to expiration.
The SPAN margin files are sent to IB at specific intervals throughout the day by the exchange, and are plugged into a SPAN margin calculator. All futures options will continue to be calculated as having risk until they are expired out of the account, or are closed. The fact that they might be out-of-the-money does not matter. All scenarios must take into account what could happen in extreme market volatility, and as such the margin impact of these futures options will be considered until the option position ceases to exist. The SPAN margin requirements are compared against IB's pre-defined extreme market move scenarios and the greater of the two are utilized as margin requirement.